Uso de microorganismos eficientes en la producción de compost de residuos sólidos orgánicos del distrito de Rupa Rupa
Autores/as
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A. Dionisio-Armas
Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-9693
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C. Aguirre-Escalante
Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-8675
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69507/Palabras clave:
Microorganismos eficientes (EM), Compostaje, Granulometría, Calidad del compostResumen
El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de los microorganismos eficientes (EM) en el proceso de compostaje de residuos orgánicos, empleando el diseño completo al azar (DCA). Los resultados evidenciaron que la incorporación de EM favoreció una granulometría más homogénea, con mayor proporción de material fino (80,37 % en T1; 73,49 % en T2; 59,23 % en T3). Las temperaturas iniciales más elevadas en los tratamientos con EM (45,00 – 47,33 °C) reflejaron una intensa actividad microbiana y una fase termofílica más marcada, lo que aceleró la descomposición de la materia orgánica. Posteriormente, la rápida estabilización térmica indicó una transición eficiente hacia la etapa de maduración. El pH aumentó progresivamente hasta valores óptimos para compost maduro (8,61 – 8,67), evidenciando la neutralización de la acidez inicial. Asimismo, los parámetros de calidad del compost final (33,29 – 36,83 % de materia orgánica, con niveles adecuados de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio) cumplieron con los estándares internacionales de la FAO y normas de referencia en calidad de compost. En conclusión, la aplicación de EM optimizó tanto la velocidad del proceso como la calidad del abono obtenido, consolidándose como una alternativa sostenible y eficaz para la gestión y valorización de residuos orgánicos en contextos agrícolas.
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